Bsl research paper

Bsl research paper

research using suspected or known COVID- 19 specimens will be performed under BSL -2 containment with BSL - 3 practices and procedures, commonly known as “BSL2+” or “BSL-2 enhanced”. Depending on the type of - samples (as outlined below), the nature of the enhanced PPE and practices may differ Proper paper writing includes a lot of research and an ability to form strong arguments to defend your point of view. It also requires knowledge Bsl Homework about how to present your thoughts on paper right, how to catch the attention of the reader (or the readers) and to Bsl Homework hold it until the very end Workers in three CDC laboratories were potentially exposed to live Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) bacteria during the routine transfer of anthrax samples from a BSL-3 facility for research in two BSL-2 facilities. According to the CDC incident report, it was believed that the BSL-3 facility did not full deactivate the samples; a problem because

5 Factors for Safe Material Transfer in BSL-3 and BSL-4 Facilities

Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Since the enactment of Environmental Protection Act in and Department of Biotechnology DBT guidelines to deal with genetically modified organisms, India has embarked on establishing various levels of biosafety laboratories to deal with highly infectious and pathogenic organisms. Occurrence of outbreaks due to rapidly spreading respiratory and haemorrhagic fever causing viruses has caused an urgency to create a safe laboratory environment.

This has thus become a mandate, not only to protect laboratory workers, but also to protect the environment and community. In India, technology and science are progressing rapidly, bsl research paper. In most of the developing countries, the awareness about biocontainment has increased but planning, designing, constructing and operating BSL-3 laboratories need regular updates about the design and construction of facilities and clear definition of risk groups and their bsl research paper which should be in harmony with the latest international practices.

This article describes the major steps involved in the process of construction of a BSL-3 laboratory in Indian settings, from freezing the concept of proposal to operationalization phase.

Bsl research paper key to success of this kind of project is strong institutional commitment to biosafety norms, adequate fund availability, careful planning and designing, hiring good construction agency, bsl research paper, monitoring by experienced consultancy agency and involvement of scientific and engineering personnel with biocontainment experience in the process.

Biosafety is a major concern in every biomedical and medical setting across the world. Laboratory associated infections LAI have caused diseases and fatal outcome to laboratory workers due to absence or failure of any one of the four basic controls Engineering, Personal Protective Equipment, Standard Operating Procedure and Administrative Controls of biosafety 12bsl research paper, 3. In India, apex bodies like Indian Council of Medical Research ICMRCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIRDepartment of Biotechnology DBTIndian Council of Agricultural Research ICARand Department of Science and Technology DST are playing important role in biomedical research and public health.

These agencies have played a leading role in evolving codes of conduct, ethics and biosafety practices.

Under the Indian Environment Protection Act ofthe Government has the power to take all the safety measures as it deems necessary for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing, controlling and abating damage to the environment, including laying down procedures and safeguards for handling hazardous substances, and carrying out and sponsoring investigations and research relating to problems of environmental pollution 4.

The Government enacted in rules for the manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous microorganisms, genetically engineered organisms or cells. Under these rules, competent authorities have been identified to ensure implementation of the provisions of the Act and to provide guidelines on ethical and social responsibilities of scientists, institutions, industries, who conduct research, and of those who conduct, fund, administer and regulate work in the area of biological sciences 5.

Conditions have been specified for export of SCOMET items, bsl research paper, including requirement of a license Inthe DBT has developed Ethical Policies on the Human Genome, Genetic Research and Services The Indian Council of Medical Research under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, bsl research paper, has developed code of conduct for scientists engaged in biomedical research.

The Ethical Guidelines developed in for the biomedical researchers are consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki, bsl research paper, adopted by the World Medical Assembly inand amended in October based on principles of autonomy, privacy, justice and equity ICMR laboratories have a major role in supporting public health and hospital care settings in India by establishing better diagnostic facilities for detection of emerging diseases.

ICMR has a mandate to focus on early detection and research on emerging and re-emerging and newly emerging highly pathogenic infectious diseases. Its regional laboratories are also involved in combating endemic diseases, outbreak situations, and national emergencies of many highly infectious and zoonotic diseases of public health importance.

The Department of Health Research DHR has launched a programme of establishing a network of virology laboratories throughout the country in 12 th Five Year Plan. To achieve this goal, ICMR and a number of other leading institutes are in the process of establishing several biosafety level-3 BSL-3 laboratories at strategic locations as per XII Plan documentDHR, Government of India 1.

In the upcoming laboratories, trained scientific, technical and engineering staff with proper knowledge of biosafety principles and practices will be required in large numbers. This article summarizes the core concept for the establishment of a BSL-3 laboartory, in various phases up to validation and functionality of the facility. Such facilities will not only lead to a reduction in the occupational exposures to pathogenic material but will also ensure safe environment by facilitating early detection of high risk groups of emerging infectious diseases.

The concept of developing such laboratories resides within the principles of biosafety and biosecurity, bsl research paper. Biosafety is achieved by implementing various degrees of laboratory control and containment, through laboratory design and access restrictions, professional expertise and training, use of containment equipment, and safe methods of managing infectious materials in a laboratory setting.

The lowest level, biosafety level 1 BSL-1 laboratory is essentially a teaching laboratory that may include research involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause any disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and pose minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.

Work can be performed on open-bench with good laboratory practices, bsl research paper, aseptic techniques, and proper waste disposal; no containment facility is required.

Biosafety level 2 BSL-2 laboratory involves working with agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. Basic laboratory with restricted access and containment during certain processes i. aerosols, large volumes, etc.

is required. Bsl research paper of autoclaves and biological safety cabinets is desired. Use of good laboratory practices, bsl research paper, safe waste disposal measures, and aseptic techniques are mandatory. Usually non-respiratory, non-lethal agents are handled in BSL-2 laboratory. Biosafety level 3 BSL-3 is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with agents that may cause serious bsl research paper potentially lethal disease through inhalation, to the personnel, and bsl research paper contaminate the environment, bsl research paper.

It requires that laboratory personnel receives specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and be supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures. All work is performed in biocontained environments using appropriate engineering controls.

Biosafety level 4 BSL-4the highest level, is required for working with dangerous and exotic infectious agents that pose a high individual as well as environment risk of life-threatening disease, aerosol transmission, or a related agent with unknown risk of transmission.

Laboratory personnel receive specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and have to mandatorily work wearing positive pressure BSL-4 suits.

Some of the high risk group pathogens are listed in the Table 5. Hazardous microorganisms rules published in the Gazette No, bsl research paper. The milestone steps in construction of a BSL-3 laboratory are pre-design assessment of risk involved in proposed research or clinical activity, designing, construction, commissioning, bsl research paper, validation, operation and bsl research paper as shown in Box This is also applicable to BSL-2 laboratories.

A clear and detailed outline of scientific framework, objectives, pre-requisites manpower, space and fundingplan for proper utilization of the facilities should be made before preparing conceptual proposal. An assessment of scientific strength including available BSL-2 laboratories and biosafety strength of existing working group is required for establishing goals and dimensions of the work.

Proposed preliminary flowchart of laboratory work should be defined to accomplish objectives of the laboratory, bsl research paper. One of the important prerequisite is specifying the need of engineering controls to accomplish the desired task. Laboratory protocols should be developed to identify the areas where biosafety can be breached or compromised using existing standard operating procedures SOPadministrative and personal protective equipments PPE control, or engineering control of existing laboratory, bsl research paper.

This will provide information as to which type of laboratory, bsl research paper, modular construction or reinforced cement concrete RCC type construction would be suitable for the proposed work.

While deciding this, both advantages and disadvantages should be carefully evaluated in terms of funding, sustainability and man- power for managing such a facility. In both the cases selection of site for establishing BSL-3 is important and the preference should be given to the work practices encompassing engineering controls, which will be sustainable and long lasting.

If the proposed work can be performed in the enhanced BSL-2 laboratory, following BSL-3 work practices, the proposal should be for modifying the existing BSL-2 laboratory. As per the scientific tasks and biosafety requirements, the BSL-3 laboratories can be categorized as standard level or BSL-3 plus level. However, bsl research paper, the common essential features of BSL-3 laboratory include unidirectional air flow using room pressure gradients of negative pressure, exhaust air being HEPA high efficiency particulate air filtered and proper procedures for disposal of biomedical waste.

Measures of waste disposal and effluent decontamination should be followed as per the guidelines of biosafety of containment laboratories. The air discharged from the containment laboratories is passed through exhaust HEPA filters which are capable of filtering 0.

These measures are common for all types of BSL-3 containment laboratories irrespective of their designs Any kind of splashes on body of personnel should be immediately treated with sufficient amount of water from a nearby eye-wash bsl research paper. ii Solid waste disposal: Solid biomedical waste generated from laboratories which includes gloves, bsl research paper, soiled gauze pads, cotton, etc.

should bsl research paper soaked in 2. Also, if the laboratory has an autoclave facility, the liquid effluent can be autoclaved at °C at 15 psi pressure bsl research paper 20 min through a specific liquid cycle in the bsl research paper. v Glassware: All the contaminated glasswares should be soaked in a mixture of 2. Alternatively, glasswares can also be soaked in 5 per cent sodium bsl research paper solution for 8 h.

Different types of BSL-3 have been described and some important features bsl research paper summarized below, which can be considered while planning for that type of BSL-3 laboratory:.

BSL-3 laboratory with anteroom or workroom as an access zone : A simplest BSL-3 facility includes a two-space facility with an entry door from an access internal laboratory corridor into an anteroom, bsl research paper, bsl research paper can serve as an access zone for the BSL-3 laboratory of the facility. This model of a BSL-3 facility generally does not have a dedicated autoclave within it.

lyzol sprayor sealed in biohazard plastic bags and bsl research paper to the nearest autoclave in the facility by trained personnel. However, storage of frozen agents in the anteroom has been found to be acceptable by many organizations. This model is popular due to the low cost of construction and the ease of downgrading it for a BSL-2 tissue culture work when BSL-3 controls are not required, bsl research paper.

This type of simple BSL-3 laboratory execution is generally found where small-scale sporadic BSL-3 work is anticipated. BSL-3 laboratory with restricted corridor as an access zone : This model provides access to BSL-3 spaces directly from the laboratory corridor that has been closed to other traffic.

The first door is encountered after entering the corridor and the BSL-3 space begins when entering the rooms. This model is often used when there are large number of small separate BSL-3 scientific programmes in execution.

This model should be considered when upgrading existing laboratory space to BSL-3 level and bsl research paper reduce the cost of construction involved.

BSL-3 laboratory with BSL-2 laboratory as access zone : A modification to the above model is to enlarge the anteroom into a working BSL-2 laboratory and provide small BSL-3 modules as an extension. This model works well for isolation rooms and small functional laboratories in clinical laboratory settings. BSL-3 laboratory suite : The larger suite concept works well for more complex multi-functional BSL-3 laboratories, used for large volume testing, identification and large research programmes dedicated to studying BSL-3 agents.

An anteroom leads into the suite with a BSL-3 workroom. This workroom functions as a preparation area for dedicated purpose such as tissue culture, bsl research paper, serology and molecular biology laboratory. Additional rooms can be dedicated for equipment.

This segregation can increase safety and effectiveness by creating good workflow in the BSL-3 laboratory. This type of facility often includes dunk tank-cum-pass box and double door autoclave to allow decontamination to take place prior to hazardous material leaving the facility. Enhanced BSL-3 laboratories : In certain instances, it may be necessary to add some special features which are not specified in the international guidelines.

Based on the requirement, this can increase environmental protection using HEPA filtration of exhaust air, effluent decontamination or chemical kill tank, personnel shower in the changing area, etc. Inner and outer change rooms for showers, if provided, allow easy entry and exit protocols for the laboratory personnel, bsl research paper. Considerations should include lockers for personnel effects, shelving for gloves, gowns, masks and booties or jump suits and positive air pressure respirators.

Biosafety cabinets BSC and decontamination autoclaves are essential part of such a containment facility, although autoclaves are not required to be located within BSL-3 laboratories, but the laboratories with significant amounts of hazardous waste should consider providing pass through autoclaves to decontaminate materials leaving the facility.

Exhaust ventilation should be provided above the exterior door of the autoclave to remove the bsl research paper and steam when the door is opened, bsl research paper. The types of BSCs needed in the facility should be decided based on the risk assessment performed on the work protocols and agents to be handled. Similarly, rodent proofing of laboratory and installing air curtains particularly in the laboratories which would be dealing with arthropod-borne diseases, bsl research paper, are essential features.

Animal holding space may be incorporated in BSL-3 facilities. Whenever animals are handled in such facilities, some specific needs as per the animal usages have bsl research paper be incorporated. Generally, the requirement of small laboratory animals rabbit, mouse, guinea pigs and birds chickens can be handled easily by placing individual bsl research paper cages IVCs to prevent aerosols generated by animal care from entering the general room environment.

Also, requirement of large animals may be restricted to lower primates.

Biosafety Level 3 Lab Entry

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