One approach to narrative research is to differentiate types of narrative research by the analytic strategies used by authors. Polkinghorne () takes this approach and distinguishes between “analysis of narratives” (p. 12), using paradigm thinking to create descriptions of themes that hold across stories or taxonomies of types of stories, and “narrative analysis,” in which researchers Narrative research is increasingly used in studies of educational practice and experience, chiefly because teachers, like all other human beings, are storytellers who individually and socially lead storied lives (Connelly & Clandinin, ). Narrative research is thus the study of how human beings experience the · Descriptive research is usually defined as a type of quantitative research, though qualitative research can also be used for descriptive purposes. The research design should be carefully developed to ensure that the results are valid and reliable. Surveys. Survey research allows you to gather large volumes of data that can be analyzed for frequencies, averages and
Descriptive Research Designs: Types, Examples & Methods
One of the components of research descriptive narrative research getting enough information about the research problem—the what, how, when and where answers, which is why descriptive research is an important type of research. It is very useful when conducting research whose aim is to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, correlations, and categories.
This research method takes a problem descriptive narrative research little to no relevant information and gives it a befitting description using qualitative and quantitative research method s. Descriptive research aims to accurately describe a research problem. In the subsequent sections, we will be explaining what descriptive research means, its types, examples, and data collection methods.
Descriptive research is a type of research that describes a population, situation, or phenomenon that is being studied. It focuses on answering the how, what, descriptive narrative research, when, and where questions If a research problem, rather than the why.
This is mainly because it is important to have a proper understanding of what a research problem is about before investigating why it exists in the first place. For example, an investor considering an investment in the ever-changing Amsterdam housing market needs to understand what the current state of the market is, how it changes increasing or decreasingand when it changes time of the year before asking for the why, descriptive narrative research.
This is where descriptive research comes in. Descriptive research is classified into different types according to the kind of approach that is used in conducting descriptive research. The different types of descriptive research are highlighted below:.
Descriptive survey research uses surveys to gather data about varying subjects. This data aims to know the extent to which different conditions can be obtained among these subjects. For example, a researcher wants to determine the qualification of employed professionals in Maryland. This way, the researcher can describe the qualifications possessed by the employed demographics of this community.
This is an extension of the descriptive survey, with the addition being the normative element. In the descriptive-normative survey, the results of the study should be compared with the norm. For example, descriptive narrative research, an organization that wishes to test the skills of its employees by a team may have them take a skills test.
The skills tests are the evaluation tool in this case, and the result of this test is compared with the norm of each role, descriptive narrative research.
If the score of the team is one standard deviation above the mean, it is very satisfactory, if within the mean, satisfactory, and one standard deviation below the mean is unsatisfactory. This is a quantitative description technique that seeks to answer questions about real-life situations.
For example, a researcher researching the income of the employees in a company, and the relationship with their performance, descriptive narrative research. A survey will be carried out to gather enough data about the income of the employees, then their performance will be evaluated and compared to their income. This will help determine whether a higher income means better performance and low income means lower performance or vice versa. The descriptive-analysis method of research describes a subject by further analyzing it, which in this case involves dividing it into 2 parts.
For example, the HR personnel of a company that wishes to analyze the job role of each employee of the company may divide the employees into the people that work at the Headquarters in the US and those that work from Oslo, Norway office, descriptive narrative research.
A questionnaire is devised to analyze the job role of employees with similar salaries and who work in similar positions. This method is employed in biological sciences for the classification of plants and animals.
A researcher who wishes to classify the sea animals into different species will collect samples from various search stations, then classify them accordingly.
In descriptive-comparative research, the researcher considers 2 variables that are not manipulated, and establish a formal procedure to conclude that one is better than the other, descriptive narrative research. For example, an examination body wants to determine the better method of conducting tests between paper-based and computer-based tests. A random sample of potential participants of the test may be asked to use the 2 different methods, and factors like failure rates, time factors, and others will be evaluated to arrive at the descriptive narrative research method.
Correlative surveys are used to determine whether the relationship between 2 variables is positive, negative, or neutral. That is, if 2 variables, say X and Y are directly proportional, inversely proportional or are not related to each other. There are different examples of descriptive research, that may be highlighted from its types, uses, and applications. However, we will be restricting ourselves to only 3 distinct examples in this article.
An academic institution may wish 2 compare the performance of its junior high school students in English language and Mathematics, descriptive narrative research. Students who are more proficient in mathematics will be encouraged to go into STEM and vice versa. Institutions may also use this data to identify student's weak points and work on ways to assist them.
During major scientific classification of plants, animals, and periodic table elements, the characteristics and components of each subject are evaluated and used to determine descriptive narrative research they are classified.
For example, living things may be classified into kingdom Plantae or kingdom animal is depending on their nature. Further classification may group animals into mammals, pieces, vertebrae, invertebrae, descriptive narrative research, etc. All these classifications are made a result of descriptive research which describes what they are. When studying human behaviour based on a factor or event, the researcher observes the characteristics, behaviour, and reaction, then use if to conclude.
A company willing to sell to its target market needs to first study the behaviour of the market. This may be done by observing how its target reacts to a competitor's product, then use it to determine their behaviour. The characteristics of descriptive research can be highlighted from its definition, applications, data collection methods, and examples. Some characteristics of descriptive research are:.
Descriptive research uses a quantitative research method by collecting quantifiable information to be used for statistical analysis of the population sample. This is very descriptive narrative research when dealing with research in the physical sciences. It can also be carried out using the qualitative research method, to properly describe the research problem. This is because descriptive research is more explanatory than exploratory or experimental. In descriptive research, descriptive narrative research cannot control the variables like they do in experimental research.
The results of descriptive research can be further analyzed and used in other research methods, descriptive narrative research. It can also inform the next line of research, including the research method that should be used. This is because it provides basic information about the research problem, which may give birth to other questions like why a particular thing is the way it is.
Descriptive research can be used to investigate the background of a research problem and get the required information needed to carry out further research. It is used in multiple ways by different organizations, and especially when getting the required information about their target audience, descriptive narrative research. It is used to determine the characteristics of the subjects, including their traits, behaviour, opinion, etc.
This information may be gathered with the use of surveys, which are shared with the respondents who in this descriptive narrative research, are the research subjects.
For example, a survey evaluating the number of hours millennials in a community spends on the internet weekly, will help a service provider make informed business decisions regarding the market potential of the community. It helps to measure the changes in data over some time through statistical methods, descriptive narrative research.
Consider the case of individuals who want to invest in stock markets, so they evaluate the changes in prices of the available stocks to make a decision investment decision.
Brokerage companies are however the ones who carry out the descriptive research process, while individuals can view the data trends and make decisions.
Descriptive research is also used to compare how different demographics respond to certain variables. For example, an organization may study how people with different income levels react to the launch of a new Apple phone. This kind of research may take a survey that will help determine which group of individuals are purchasing the new Apple phone. Do the low-income earners also purchase the phone, or only the high-income earners do? Further research using another technique will explain why low-income earners are purchasing the phone even though they can barely afford it.
This will help inform strategies that will lure other low-income earners and increase company sales. When you are not sure about the validity of an existing condition, you can use descriptive research to ascertain the underlying patterns of the research object. This is because descriptive research methods make an in-depth analysis of each variable before making conclusions. Descriptive research is conducted over some time to ascertain the changes observed at each point in time.
Descriptive narrative research higher the number of times it is conducted, the more authentic the conclusion will be. Respondents may either decide not to respond to questions or give incorrect responses if they feel the questions are too confidential.
When researchers use observational methods, respondents may also descriptive narrative research to behave in a particular manner because they feel they are being watched.
There are 3 main data collection methods in descriptive research, namely; observational method, case study method, and survey research. The observational method allows researchers to collect data based on their view of the behaviour and characteristics of the respondent, with the respondents themselves not directly having an input.
It is often used in market research, psychology, and some other social science research to understand human behaviour. It is also an important aspect of physical scientific descriptive narrative research, with it being one of the most effective methods of conducting descriptive research. This process can be said to be either quantitative or qualitative.
Quantitative observation descriptive narrative research the objective collection of numerical datawhose results can be analyzed using numerical and statistical methods. Qualitative observation, on the other hand, involves the monitoring of characteristics and not the measurement of numbers.
The researcher makes his observation from descriptive narrative research distance, records it, and is used to inform conclusions. A case study is a sample group an individual, descriptive narrative research, a group of people, organizations, events, etc. whose characteristics are used to describe the characteristics of a larger group in which the case study is a subgroup. The information gathered from investigating a case study may be generalized to serve the larger group.
This generalization, may, however, be risky because case studies are not sufficient to make accurate predictions about larger groups.
Case studies are a poor case of generalization. This is a very popular data collection method in research designs. In survey research, researchers create a survey or questionnaire and distribute it to respondents who give answers.
Generally, it is used to obtain quick information directly from the primary source and also conducting rigorous quantitative and qualitative research. In some cases, survey research uses a blend of both qualitative and quantitative strategies, descriptive narrative research. Survey research can be carried out both online and offline using the following methods. Before going into the differences between descriptive and correlation research, we need to have a proper understanding of what correlation research is about.
Therefore, we will be giving a summary of the correlation research below. Correlational research is a type of descriptive research, which is used to measure the relationship between 2 descriptive narrative research, with the researcher having no control over them. It aims to find whether there is; positive correlation both variables change in the same directionnegative correlation the variables descriptive narrative research in the opposite directionor zero correlation there is no relationship between the variables.
Narrative Research Design
, time: 11:41What is descriptive narrative research? – blogger.com
Descriptive Narrative and Generalization Richard Baskerville Binghamton University Brian Pentland University of Hawaii Follow this and additional works at:blogger.com This material is brought to you by the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been acceptedAuthor: Richard L. Baskerville, Brian T. Pentland, Geoff Walsham · The goal of descriptive research is to describe a phenomenon and its characteristics. This research is more concerned with what rather than how or why something has happened. Therefore, observation and survey tools are often used to gather data ( Cited by: Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories
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